TIGNAY is the official research journal of the College of Nursing and Midwifery at MCNP. The journal publishes high-quality research that advances nursing science, midwifery practice, and patient care. It serves as a platform for nursing educators, practitioners, and students to share evidence-based research and innovative approaches to healthcare. The journal focuses on areas including clinical nursing practice, nursing education, maternal and child health, community health nursing, nursing leadership, and midwifery innovations. TIGNAY aims to bridge the gap between nursing research and practice, contributing to improved health outcomes for individuals and communities. ISSN: 3082-4044 Telephone: 078-304-1010 Mobile: 0997-392-3996 Email: adminoffice@mcnp.edu.ph
Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines
THE IMPACT OF THE MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION OF MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES – COLLEGE OF NURSING IN SAN ISIDRO, IGUIG, CAGAYAN: A PROGRAM EVALUATION
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Department of Health (DOH) on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been directed towards health targets, ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for all at all ages. To fulfill these goals, intersectoral actions and linkages had been developed. Hence, the Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines (MCNP)-College of Nursing (CON), targeted to dwell and strengthen health systems to achieve Universal Health Care (UHC) in Maternal and Child Health Nursing. As a private academic institution, the MCNP-CON participated in the development of communities specifically focused on maternal and child health programs basing from the AO 2008-0029 entitled “Implementing Health Reforms for the Rapid Reduction of Maternal and Neonatal Mortality” as issued by the Department of Health. It serves as a guide for the development, implementation and monitoring or evaluation of various programs aimed at improving the health of women, mothers and children. This focused community extension program of the institution aided in the reduction of the significant incidence of maternal and child mortality and morbidity as reproductive health education is still a taboo in the Philippines. The linkage between education and health plays a pivotal role in giving better understanding on maternal and child health care focusing on pregnancy including prevention of diseases, health promotion and treatment of problems during the pregnancy- puerperal cycle, for both woman and the new born; care of infant and children including promotion of health and prevention of diseases through proper nutrition, good personal hygiene, micronutrient supplementation and immunization. This study was conducted by the MCNP -CON faculty to around 40 selected population using the cluster sampling technique. Descriptive Inferential research design was used and utilized through structured questionnaires. The data gathered was analyzed with the use of Frequency and Percentage distribution and Weighted Mean and Likert Scale. The overall satisfaction of the respondents on the impact of the study was significantly achieved which can be attributed through their active involvement and participation during the conduct of the different programs that hasten their full understanding of the objectives of the program. Significant contribution of the demographic factors of the respondents to the satisfaction level of the program implementation regarding maternal and child health care can be as well noted.To conclude, this study highlights the critical role of the Higher Education Institution (HEIs) on community development. The significant contribution of HEIs on program implementation, specifically the College of Nursing, drastically shaped the community to become aware of the different factors that can contribute to maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Though findings are quite satisfactory, it is still essential to underscore the need for tailored, data-driven interventions to still address gaps in awareness, particularly among marginalized groups. By leveraging these insights to inform policy and program development, stakeholders can design targeted educational campaigns that promote more equitable access to reproductive health knowledge, empowering individuals to make informed decisions and fostering improved public health outcomes.
Reproductive Health, Maternal and Child Health Care, Nutrition, Prenatal Care, Postnatal Care
Copyright (c) 2025 College of Nursing and Midwifery
QUALITY OF NURSING CARE AMONG THE STUDENT NURSES OF MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES: A BASIS FOR QUALITY OF NURSING PROGRAM ENHANCEMENT
The study investigates the quality of nursing care provided by student nurses in the Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines. Employing Donabedian's theory, it assesses structural, processual, and outcome components to identify strengths and areas for improvement in nursing education and training programs. The research addresses the persistent theory-practice gap in nursing education, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the overall quality of healthcare delivery in the region. A descriptive-inferential design was utilized, involving level 2, 3, and 4 student nurses from the Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, focusing on respondent profiles (sex, socio-economic status, year level) and the quality of care rendered (effectiveness, safety, patient-centeredness, timeliness, equity, integration, efficiency). Quantitative data analysis included Likert scale ratings, frequency counts, weighted means, and ANOVA to determine significant differences based on respondent profiles. The study revealed varying levels of quality in nursing care across different dimensions. Key findings indicated that student nurses generally provided effective and safe care, with notable strengths in patient-centeredness and timeliness. However, disparities were found in equity and integration of care, highlighting areas requiring targeted improvements. Significant differences in quality assessments were observed when data were grouped according to socio-economic status and year level, suggesting these factors influence care quality. The results underscore the importance of enhancing nursing curricula and clinical training protocols to bridge the theory practice gap. Recommendations include integrating more simulation-based learning and increasing support for diverse socio-economic backgrounds to ensure equitable and comprehensive training for all student nurses. Continuous quality improvement initiatives are essential to maintain high standards of nursing education and practice. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the quality of nursing care delivered by student nurses in Northern Philippines, identifying both strengths and areas for improvement. By leveraging Donabedian’s framework, the research offers actionable insights for enhancing nursing education, ultimately contributing to better healthcare outcomes in the region.
Nursing Care Quality, Nursing Education, Theory-Practice Gap, Clinical Competence, Healthcare Delivery
NOW NORMAL ASSESSMENT ON THE STATUS OF THE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COLLEGE OF NURSING USING SIX SIGMA FRAMEWORK
This study aimed to assess the program implementation of the College of Nursing as to Related Learning Experience (RLE), Admission and Retention Program, and Instruction using the Six Sigma Framework. The respondents of the study were the 202 students of Bachelor of Science in Nursing. This study utilized a descriptive-inferential research design. The major findings revealed that as a crucial component of the nursing training, the students were required to do clinical duties or hospital exposure and the students were consistently monitored and evaluate them if they are qualified to the next level. Also, the findings implies that there was an introduction of what to learn and objectives to meet and there was a baseline assessment that can be utilized to evaluate written and oral exams of the students. Furthermore, there is a significant difference on the assessment of the two groups of respondents on the status of program implementation of the College of Nursing relative to Related Learning Experience, and Instruction and there is significant difference on the assessment of the student- respondents on the status of program implementation of the College of Nursing when grouped according to their profile relative to year level.
Program implementation, Related Learning Experience, Admission and Retention Program, Instruction, Six Sigma Framework
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF FOURTH YEAR STUDENT NURSES DURING PSYCHIATRIC WARD ROTATIONS
This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of fourth-year nursing students from Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines during their psychiatric ward rotations. Utilizing Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Model and an Input-Process-Output framework, the research aims to uncover challenges, coping mechanisms, emergent themes, and central phenomena through qualitative inquiry. Semi-structured interviews with 25 nursing students revealed key themes such as dichotomous emotional experiences, transformative encounters, and evolving perspectives on mental health care. Findings underscore the significance of practical exposure in enhancing theoretical knowledge, addressing stigma, and fostering empathy. The study emphasizes the need for targeted pedagogies and systemic support to improve clinical education, ultimately contributing to the development of competent psychiatric nursing practitioners. Implications for educators, policymakers, and future researchers are discussed to promote holistic growth and alleviate challenges in psychiatric nursing education.
COVID-19, Psychiatric nursing, BSN Students, coping mechanism, nursing knowledge
KNOWLEDGE ON REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PEÑABLANCA, CAGAYAN
Adolescence is the stage where physical, psychological, and reproductive maturation develops and this is covered by the ages between 10-19 years old. Reproductive and sexual knowledge is very crucial especially to adolescents because this is the time when they are highly risky to sexual behaviors. A lack of awareness and knowledge is the most identified problem that leads to several health risks and consequences such as sexually transmitted diseases and early indulgence in sexual activities that will result in teenage pregnancy and abortion. Thus, this study aimed to assess the knowledge on sexual and reproductive behavior among the SHS students at the selected schools in Peñablanca, Cagayan. This study used quantitative, descriptive, and inferential methods to discern the significant difference between the profile variables and the knowledge on reproductive and sexual behavior in terms of male and female reproductive system, sexually transmitted diseases, contraception masturbation and sex-related activities, pregnancy and abortion, and indulgence in sexual activities. One-way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-test were used to analyze the data being gathered from the respondents. Survey questionnaire was administered to the respondents with a sample size of 325 to gather the data. The researchers were able to collect the data needed for the problem of the study. After obtaining the needed data, the responses were reviewed, tallied, interpreted and analyzed. In lieu, the overall response has shown that there is a statistically significant difference between the profile variables of the respondents on their knowledge in Reproductive and sexual behavior.
Knowledge, Reproductive, Sexual behavior, Senior High School, Adolescent
HYGIENE AND SANITATION PRACTICES IN QUIBAL, PENABLANCA CAGAYAN: A BASIS FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES PROGRAM
The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Hygiene and Sanitation practices in Quibal, Peñablanca for Community Service Program. According to UNICEF, adequate sanitation practices are essential in preventing waterborne diseases and promoting community health. Investigating the current sanitation and hygiene practices in Quibal will provide valuable insights into the existing challenges and areas needing improvement. By understanding these practices, stakeholders can develop more effective strategies to enhance public health outcomes in the community. This study hypothesizes that the hygiene practices of community members in Quibal are inadequate, including insufficient handwashing, poor personal hygiene maintenance, and lack of cleanliness in households and public spaces. Engaging in these deficient practices significantly increases the risk of spreading preventable illnesses and adversely impacts the community's overall health. Therefore, the research will focus on identifying specific inadequacies in current practices and understanding the reasons behind them. This will help in formulating targeted interventions to promote better hygiene and sanitation behaviors among the residents. Inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices can have severe health implications, especially for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. The absence of appropriate practices is expected to lead to a rise in waterborne diseases, increased healthcare expenses, and a diminished quality of life for the community members. Hence, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing sanitation and hygiene practices in the Quibal community of Peñablanca, Cagayan, to inform community programs and policymaking. The ultimate goal is to enhance the health and wellbeing of the community through improved sanitation and hygiene practices. This research is crucial for formulating a community extension services program tailored to the unique needs and challenges of the area. Proper sanitation and hygiene are vital for overall community health and are recognized as fundamental human rights. This research will guide local authorities in developing targeted interventions to enhance sanitation infrastructure and hygiene promotion, contributing to improved health outcomes and sustainable community development. This aligns with recommendations from UNICEF, the Department of Health, and the World Health Organization to prioritize investments in sanitation and hygiene, particularly in rapidly urbanizing rural areas like Quibal.
Sanitation and Hygiene Practices, community health, public health intervention
HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES ON MATERNAL AND CHILD CARE AMONG THE ISUMACHER PEOPLE OF SUMADEL, TINGLAYAN KALINGA: A BASIS FORSTRENGTHENING MNCHN PROGRAM OF DOH
This study, aims to determine the health beliefs and practices on Maternal and child care among the Isumacher people in Sumadel, Tinglayan Kalinga as a basis for strengthening the MNCHN program of DOH. In this study, the researchers utilized descriptive correlational research design in order to determine the significant difference and relationship of the profile of the Isumacher people to their health beliefs and practices on maternal and childcare. A total of one hundred thirty-eight (138) respondents were selected and purposive or judgmental sampling was utilized in determining the respondents. A survey questionnaire was used and collected data were analyzed statistically. The analysis includes the utilization of frequency count and percentage distribution for the profile variables of the respondents. Based on the findings, the greatest number of the respondents are Roman Catholic, 51 years old and above, married, elementary and had more than 31 years of residency in Sumadel, Tinglayan Kalinga. A weighted mean was also used in determining the health beliefs and practices of the Isumacher regarding Maternal and Childcare in terms of prenatal and postnatal. The analysis finds that the respondents believed that eating male pork during pregnancy may cause their unborn child to have boils, and that it is important to offer a simple ritual called “ontad” after birth to welcome the newborn. Also, health practices include drinking plenty of water, eating plenty of healthy foods, washing hands with soap and water before and after holding the baby, washing the baby’s face and neck daily, bathing the baby with thorough drying, and keeping the baby warm. Additionally, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an independent sample T-test, results showed that the profile variables of the respondents had an impact on the respondent’s health beliefs and practices on Maternal and Childcare which implies that one's demographic profile can influence one's perception of health, health beliefs, and health practices. Furthermore, the study also showed using regression analysis that there is a significant relationship between health beliefs and the respondents profile variables with their health practices in maternal and childcare, this suggests that an individual's profile variables and health beliefs can influence their health practices, and how they respond to modifications in their lifestyle, health-care interventions, and compliance recommendations.
Maternal and childcare, Pre-natal, Postnatal, Health beliefs, Health practices, Isumacher
HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF QUIBAL, PEÑABLANCA, CAGAYAN ON NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES: A BASIS FOR COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM
Everyone should prioritize their health and should have access to education and other associated services that will help them enhance their well-being. The study aimed to understand the health attitudes and behaviors of respondents in Quibal, Peñablanca, Cagayan around communicable diseases. This information will be used to develop and implement community outreach activities. In this study, the researchers utilized a descriptive correlational design together with a convenience sampling methodology. Except for the highest educational attainment and religion, there are no significant differences in the respondents' health practices based on their profile variables (age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status). However, there is a significant difference in the respondents' health practices in terms of prevention, control, and treatment, and ethnicity has a significant impact on the respondents' health. According to the survey, respondents from Quibal, Peñablanca, Cagayan feel that eating nutritious foods like fruits and vegetables and maintaining a balanced diet might help avoid and treat noncommunicable illnesses. More research is needed to understand better how and to what extent people's views, traditional beliefs, and actions might contribute to their health.
non-communicable disease, Health beliefs, Health practices, Prevention, Control, Treatment, Management
FUTURE JOB PREFERENCES AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF MCNP BSN STUDENTS
Nurses play a crucial role in global healthcare, providing patient care, health promotion, and disease prevention. Healthcare sustainability is threatened by a shortage of 10.6 million nurses by 2030. A COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this shortage, increasing moral distress and burnout among healthcare professionals. To ensure a well-prepared and resilient nursing workforce, students must be supported in their professional development. Aligning nursing education with industry demands requires understanding career preferences and motivations. Nurses are available in different healthcare settings. Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines (MCNP) examines BSN students' career preferences and job preferences. This descriptive-inferential study involved 345 BSN students from all year levels. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Career-influencing factors, such as compensation, professional growth opportunities, and work environments, are also gathered. One-way ANOVA, frequency distributions, and weighted means were used to assess significant career preference relationships. Students' career decisions were analyzed using statistical methods. Respondents chose emergency nursing, bedside nursing, and community health nursing as their top career choices. Job stability, career advancement opportunities, and alignment with personal interests influenced career preferences. Socioeconomic status and year level differed. Students in their first year prioritized professional growth, while seniors focused on compensation and workplace conditions. Age and gender did not significantly affect career choices, but socioeconomic background and maternal occupation did. Additionally, as students progressed in their education, extrinsic factors such as financial stability and work conditions became increasingly important. Based on these findings, the study concludes that tailored career guidance programs are essential for nursing students. Self-awareness and strategic career planning are facilitated by understanding career motivations. Institutions can use these findings to design targeted interventions aligned with students' aspirations. A well-prepared workforce contributes to solving the global nursing shortage. To navigate their career paths, educational institutions must provide students with the knowledge, resources, and support they need. Nurses are exposed to various nursing specializations, mentored, and discussed industry trends. To align students' aspirations with future healthcare needs. By aligning nursing education with both student aspirations and healthcare demands, we can bridge knowledge gaps in nursing career preferences. There is a need for year-specific career guidance programs, additional support for students from low-income backgrounds, and increased awareness of diverse nursing specializations. Students can be exposed to different career paths through mentoring programs and partnerships with healthcare institutions. Student internships and hospital-based training can provide valuable hands-on experience. To meet industry expectations, nursing graduates must address these factors. Nurses will be more satisfied and retained with career support initiatives. Nurses who are well-informed and motivated improve healthcare services, reduce turnover rates, and prepare for the future. Policies and programs are needed to support nursing students' career development. Demand and supply will align in healthcare. Career guidance programs will study nursing graduates' job placement, satisfaction, and retention.
Nursing Career Preferences, Career Guidance, BSN Students, Professional Growth, Healthcare Workforce
FACTORS AFFECTING STRESS ADAPTATION AMONG BSN CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES
This study delves into the multifaceted factors influencing stress adaptation among Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) clinical instructors within the medical colleges of Northern Philippines. Stress adaptation is a critical aspect of professional life, particularly in the demanding field of nursing education. Understanding the factors that contribute to stress adaptation among clinical instructors is essential for enhancing their well-being and effectiveness in educating future nurses. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research investigates both quantitative and qualitative data to comprehensively analyze the factors affecting stress adaptation. Quantitative surveys will be distributed among BSN clinical instructors to assess the prevalence and severity of stressors they encounter in their roles. Concurrently, qualitative interviews will be conducted to explore the contextual nuances and individual experiences related to stress adaptation. The study aims to identify various factors that contribute to stress adaptation, including workload, interpersonal relationships, organizational support, coping strategies, and personal characteristics. By analyzing these factors, the research seeks to provide insights into the unique challenges faced by BSN clinical instructors in Northern Philippine medical colleges and propose strategies to enhance their stress adaptation abilities. The findings of this study can inform the development of targeted interventions and support programs tailored to the needs of BSN clinical instructors. By addressing the underlying factors influencing stress adaptation, educational institutions and healthcare organizations can foster a supportive environment that promotes the well-being and professional growth of clinical instructors, ultimately benefiting both educators and students within the nursing profession.
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF HAPPINESS ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF BURNOUT AND WORK-LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG EMPLOYEES OF MCNP-ISAP
In the realm of education, teachers play a vital role in shaping the minds and life of students. Teachers often faced numerous challenges and highly stressful task in their roles, which included navigating complex staff, coping with heavy workloads and time constraints, addressing student behavior and discipline issues, and managing pressure and criticism from parents. These numerous factors have a major effect on a teacher’s capacity to successfully educate, work with their students, and sustain their personal well-being over the course of time. The objective of this study was to examine the mediating effect of happiness on the relationship between burnout and work-life satisfaction among employees. This research built upon previous studies that have explored the individual relationships between burnout and work-life satisfaction, as well as between happiness and work-life satisfaction. By investigating the mediating role of happiness, this study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between these variables. In this study, the researchers utilized the method of a non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive-inferential study to determine the Mediating effect of Happiness on the Relationship of Burnout and Work-Life Satisfaction among Employees of MCNP ISAP. The respondent of the study is selected with the used of stratified sampling. Through the stratified sampling, the data are divided into a sub-group which was called as strata and predefined a percentage of individuals are selected from each stratum. Respondents are required to choose an answer that corresponded to their knowledge or viewpoint in this sort of question. The questionnaire was used as the main instrument in this study to determine the effects of happiness on the relationship of burnout and work-life satisfaction on employees of MCNP-ISAP. It uses adapted questionnaires which are the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Oxford Happiness Inventory, and Work-life Satisfaction Survey Questionnaire. In order to answer the objective, identify the demographic data, the level of burnout, the level of happiness, the work-life satisfaction, difference on the burnout level, level of happiness and work-life satisfaction when grouped according to profile, to determine if happiness affect the burnout level and work-life satisfaction, and to know if burnout does affect the happiness and work-life satisfaction of employees’ in MCNP-ISAP, the frequency count, weighted mean, multivariate analysis of variant (MANOVA) and linear regression was used. Respondents agreed that they experienced personal burnout as being supported by the statement they feel tired at work. The respondents also agreed that they experienced work-related burnout but they believed that they still have enough time for family and friends during their leisure time. In terms of client-related burnout, the respondents disagreed and did not believed that they sometimes wonder how long they will be able to continue working with clients. Between burnout and work-life satisfaction, the direct effect of work-life satisfaction of the respondents denoted that there is no significant effect of burnout to work-life satisfaction. The indirect effect of work-life satisfaction of the respondents denoted that there is still no significant effect of burnout to happiness to work life satisfaction. In conclusion, this study expanded the existing literature by highlighting the mediating effects of happiness in the relationships between burnout and work-life satisfaction among employees. The researchers discovered that a higher level of burnout has no significant effect with the levels of happiness to levels of work life satisfaction. By recognizing the importance of happiness and actively fostering well-being within the teaching profession can contribute to the development of interventions and policies that promote employees’ satisfaction and ultimately enhance the quality of educations.